Spain was able to control such a large area having outposts of colonial authority in major cities such as Mexico City, Lima, and Buenos Aires. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Fierce d⦠It was a kind of medieval arms race, where the country had more glory if it had the maximum amount of land in the world under its governance. While Spain was racially "pure" in the sense that the Moors, Jews, gypsies, and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indigenous people (some of whom were enslaved), and enslaved Black people. These differences were cultural and often a source of great pride among Creole families and regions. We will see the causes of the revolution and the events that caused it. America was a mixing of many different races ⦠As an ally of Napoleon's First French Empire, Spain willingly joined with Napoleonic France and began fighting the British. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The constant conflicts and wars between different colonies to gain independence came at a heavy price. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. We've created informative articles that you can come back to again and again when you have questions or want to learn more! 9th - 10th grade. War in Europe: As we mentioned, the English Navy was the most powerful at that time. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The American Revolutionary War ⦠Much of the history of 20th Century in Latin America has been characterized by political instability and turmoil. The highly racist colonial society was extremely sensitive to minute percentages of Black or Indigenous blood. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. Copyright © Historyplex & Buzzle.com, Inc.
Many men and women who would have otherwise supported the royalist side now joined the insurgents. One of the first persons to propose a Spanish American cooperation which consisted of a common military, common defense pact and parliamentary assembly was Simon Bolivar at the 1826 Congress of Panama. This made him conquer Spain and the Portuguese. This half-measure was much more palatable to those who did not want to declare independence outright. The American Revolution was the first in the Americas, and the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War (1775â1783) was a surprising victory against a great power. The small group of foreign volunteers that the Venezuelan revolutionary Francisco de Miranda brought to his homeland failed to incite the populace to rise against Spanish rule. He replaced Charles IV with his own brother, Joseph Bonaparte. With a weak ruler and the Spanish military tied up, Spain's presence in the New World decreased markedly and the Creoles felt more ignored than ever. showed revolutionaries that it was possible to have a rebellion that eventually lead to success The native slaves and the African slaves often were laborers on their plantations. This meant that they were not allowed to trade with England or France. In 1838 the Central American Federation was formed when the independent states of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, ⦠Latin American Revolution 1. Haitian Revolution and Latin American Revolutions Learn with flashcards, games, and more â for free. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Argentina was the first to formally declare independence on July 9, 1816. Spain discriminated against the Creoles, appointing mostly new Spanish immigrants to important positions in the colonial administration. The American Revolution was a time when the British colonists in America rebelled against the rule of Great Britain. Even if Spain had agreed to these changes, they would have created a more powerful, wealthy colonial elite with experience in administering their home regionsâa road that also would have led directly to independence. Those who resisted Napoleon in Spain begged the colonials for help but refused to promise to reduce trade restrictions if they won. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. (A) San Martin (B) LâOuverture (C) Bolivar (D) Morelos From whom did the Haitianâs seek to gain their independence? 1750-1914: An Age of Revolutions Latin American Independence Movements 2. In places like Argentina, colonies "sort of" declared independence, claiming they would only rule themselves until such time as Charles IV or his son Ferdinand was put back on the Spanish throne. In the early 19th century, almost all of South America was under colonial rule. Colonial System in Latin America By the late 1700s, most of Latin America had been colonized especially by Spain, but also Portugal and France. By the time Spain was beginning to stabilizeâFerdinand reclaimed the throne in 1813âcolonies in Mexico, Argentina, and northern South America were in revolt. But the colonies were only allowed to trade with Spain, and at rates advantageous for Spanish merchants. Revolution spread to most of Latin America, and from 1810 to 1825, Mexico, Central America, and South America gained independence from Spain and Portugal. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the control of Spain and Portugal. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS: MENU Who led the independence movement in Haiti? After all, these events helped shape the future of more than just one country. After Spanish and French naval forces were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spain's ability to control the colonies lessened even more. Their methods of governance were very similar though. In 1788, Charles III of Spain, a competent ruler, died, and his son Charles IV took over. The first serious revolt in the war for Latin America independence began in Mexico, by Miguel De Hidalgo, a parish priest, who rallied the peasants, the indigenous people and the metizos (people of mixed European and Native American descent) against Spanish colonial rule on September 16, 1810. ... Q. Revolutions in Latin America were influenced by. The origins of the Latin American independence movements of the early 1800s might be ⦠Nepotism: It was not nepotism in the pure sense, but seeing how big the colonies were relative to the small countries that had captured them, it did seem like nepotism. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies. Latin American Revolutions DRAFT. This made them unhappy, although this unrest did not spill over until the moment was right. The war against the Spanish forces saw many regions gain independence. The first was the Spanish Crown, or if you are Brazilian, the Portuguese crown. Which statement about the French and Latin American revolutions is accurate? The Spread of Revolution The Latin American Wars of Independence, which took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, were deeply influenced by the American and French Revolutions and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. The vast Spanish New World Empire produced many goods, including coffee, cacao, textiles, wine, minerals, and more. The result of these revolutions was the formation of independent countries in Latin America. Of all of the factors listed above, the most important is probably Napoleon's invasion of Spain. John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. Discover surprising insights and little-known facts about politics, literature, science, and the marvels of the natural world. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Many Latin Americans began selling their goods illegally to the British colonies and, after 1783, U.S. merchants. Huascar and Atahualpa: an Inca Civil War. These cookies do not store any personal information. The term Creole has many meanings in modern-day language, but in this context, it refers to someone of mostly Spanish descent who was born in the New World. The proclamation of independence of Peru was made by José de San Martin on July 28, 1821, and although Bolivia gained independence from Spain in 1809, it was followed by sixteen years of pain and struggle before being established as a republic. Political effect of the latin american revolution-Ruled by caudillos,-upper classes supported the dictatorship,-lower classes didn't have any experience with democracy. His remarkable military tactics were instrumental in defeating the Spanish forces. If there was some allowance, heavy taxes were levied. The independence of Latin America from Spain was a foregone conclusion as soon as the creoles began thinking of themselves as Americans and the Spaniards as something different from them. Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. Many Creoles said they were loyal to Spain, not Napoleon. Napoleon Bonaparte tried to invade North America and take some colonies for France. During that time, ten Spaniards and four Creoles from other areas did serve. The English had taken North America, eventually losing it to the colonists in the late 18th century. Charles IV was weak and indecisive and mostly occupied himself with hunting, allowing his ministers to run the Empire. Definition and List of Countries. Spain granted neither, which caused great resentment and helped lead to independence. During the revolution, trade between Great Britain and the revolutionary colonies against the Spanish regime expanded steadily as Spain had opposed trade with Spanish colonies in the past. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Because of this competition, these major players were rivals to each other. This caused resentment within the privileged classes. the Crusades. Most of the southern colonies, such as Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay fought their wars of independence against the Spanish forces. Some were a positive influence: The American Revolution (1765â1783) was seen by many in South America as a good example of elite leaders of colonies throwing off European rule and replacing it with a more fair and democratic societyâlater, some constitutions of new republics borrowed heavily from the U.S. Constitution. The term American Revolution also includes the American War of Independence, and resulted in the formation of the United States of America. This irritated the influential Creoles who correctly felt that they were being ignored. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! In Central America, oligarchic systems of governance prevailed ⦠Lati⦠The loss of life and destruction caused during these series of wars was beyond belief. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. The independence of Latin America After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. answer choices . Taxation Without Representation. Usually members of the Creoles, American born Spaniards, who owned most of the land. The American and French Revolutions influenced what area to fight for their own political independence? Although they had Spanish blood and were descendants of Spanish citizens in the true sense, they were not allowed high posts in the Government. Lack of Respect for the Creoles By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. American Revolution/Mexican Revolution: North American colonists had already defeated the English, even though the English had a far superior navy. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. the Civil War in Spain. The ethnic diversity was much more prevalent in South America than in the North. First proposed by Bolívar, the Panama Congress would bring together all of the independent American governments in the summer of 1826. Although Simon Bolivar is credited for being the father of Latin American revolutions, it was a relatively lesser known Venezuelan priest Francesco Miranda who led the first revolt against the Spanish. Under the leadership of Simon Bolivar, on June 24 1821, Venezuelan forces defeated the Spanish and gained independence. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. A Spain ruled by France was an outrage even for New World loyalists. By the late 18th century, Spain was forced to loosen some trade restrictions, but the move was too little, too late, as those who produced these goods now demanded a fair price for them. The Latin American Wars of Independence were the various revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a ⦠There was a growing sense in the colonies of being separate from Spain. Revolutionaries emerged to oppose Spanish rule in South America, which was skewed to only favor the colonialists by exploiting the natives. A majority of land was held by the Portuguese followed by the Spanish, and then the French. The Latin American War of Independence comprised numerous wars and conflicts that took place between the year 1808 and 1829. Strong French monarchs led revolutions in Latin America. The French Revolution in Europe followed, and collectively these events had profound effects on the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies in the Americas. The Sugar Act was the first fully enforced tax levied in America ⦠In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Although the revolution has left bittersweet memories in the minds of people, the common cause of achieving independence makes it one of the most important events in Latin America. Other revolutions were not as positive. This had a lot of drawbacks, and is one of the main reasons of the Latin revolutions. There were many battles fought and the colonies gained their freedom and became the independent country of the United States. The colonists, whose ancestry was Spanish, but were born there were known as Creoles. In the War of Independence, Ecuador and Colombia too gained independence after battling the Spanish armies. Adams and Clay hoped to secure multilateral agreements at Panama that would solidify republican government, liberal commerce, and diplomatic isolation throughout the hemisphere. Right, so before independence, Latin American society was characterized by three institutions that exercised control over the population. During this time, Napoleon marshaled his forces and invaded Europe, including Portugal and Spain in 1808. The "dark side" of the revolutions was that they were fought, in part, to maintain a racist status quo in the colonies freed of Spanish liberalism. Some Spanish officials must have realized this and so the decision was taken to squeeze the utmost out of the colonial system before it collapsed. They only let their pure blood citizens govern the colonies. influence of the French Revolution on the 19c revolutions in Latin America. Activity 4: Latin American Revolutions. Europe's strong hold on the economic and political life of Latin America⦠By 1825, it was all gone, except for a handful of islands in the Caribbeanâbroken into several independent states. In the audiencia (court) of Caracas, for example, no native Venezuelans were appointed from 1786 to 1810. The loss of life in these wars was unimaginable. As late as 1808, Spain's New World Empire stretched from parts of the present-day western U.S. to Tierra del Fuego in South America, from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the âUniversidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. This is all I can muster for this one.) By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Venezuelaâs Declaration of Independence in 1810, 10 Myths About Spanish and the People Who Speak It, The Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus, Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist, The 10 Most Important Events in the History of Latin America, What Is Latin America? Independence movements in the northern regions of Spanish South America had an inauspicious beginning in 1806. Most of the events that led to the Latin American Revolution were begun because of the Spainish colonization and conquering of the Latin American people. International effects of the latin american revolution-The monroe doctrine: america declares no more colonizations in the northern or southern america, The Latin American region witnessed various revolutions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. Not only did it provide a massive distraction and tie up Spanish troops and ships, it pushed many undecided Creoles over the edge in favor of independence. The result of these revolutions was the formation of independent countries in Latin America. He was defeated, but this display of rebel put in motion a domino effect which led to the liberation of the whole of South America in just 3 decades. Causes of the American Revolution The Stamp Act : The Stamp Act, which was passed in 1765, was Parliamentâs first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the thirteen American colonies. In case of Spanish colonies, only a Spanish pure blood could take high positions of the government in the colonies. He failed and hence turned his attention towards Europe itself. The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. Although the representatives of Gran Colombia and the United Provinces Of Central America, along with other representatives from Latin American colonies attended the meeting, differences of opinion, regional interests, and geographical barriers made the formation of the union impossible. When Great Britain attacked Buenos Aires in 1806â1807, Spain could not defend the city and a local militia had to suffice. Tired of the waffling of Charles IV and Spain's inconsistency as an ally, Napoleon invaded in 1808 and quickly conquered not only Spain but Portugal as well. Latin American Independence 649 Words | 3 Pages. This video is intended for my 7th Grade social studies class. A person's status in society could be determined by how many 64ths of Spanish heritage one had. The Best History Museums to Virtually Tour During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Virtual Reality Experiences That Let You See History Up Close, The Most Accurate Movies Based on History Worth Seeing, History of Welding: From Ancient Craft to a Developing Modern Industry, History of Dentistry: From Ancient Necessity to Modern Luxury, A Peoples History: Howard Zinn and the Politics of American History, Present day Venezuela, Columbia, Brazil, Peru, Argentina Ecuador, Uruguay Paraguay, Chile, and Bolivia. (Sorry guys, lost my voice. The chaos in Spain provided a perfect excuse to rebel without committing treason. The three major powerhouses, namely the English, the Spanish, the French, and the Portuguese were very expansionist in their mentality. A series of conflicts and battles led to the independence of the Peruvian and Bolivian colonies. The Haitian Revolution, a bloody but successful uprising of enslaved people against their French colonial enslavers (1791â1804), terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them from a similar uprising. In these wars, the leadership of José de San Martin, who was known as The Liberator in Argentina, played a crucial role in the independence of these colonies. Latin American Independence was the drive for independence from Spain and France by the Latin American people. Like the beginning of the American Revolution, the soldiers were untrained and poorly armed. In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. Even after colonization, the ethnic population was still thriving. In 1825 President Adams and Secretary of State Clay seized a new opportunity to shape Latin Americain the United States' image by accepting an invitation to the Panama Congress. Though they were politically independent from countries such as Spain and Portugal, many countries remained economically dependent on Europe, in particular on the United Kingdom. This resulted in a series of revolutions that took place all over Spanish America. The relentless war for freedom of Latin American colonies became vivid in 1809. In the North, the Whites slowly became the dominant population. answer choices . On the other hand, Latin American elites wanted to maintain the colonial status quo. To further muddle things up, Spanish law allowed wealthy people of mixed heritage to "buy" whiteness and thus rise in a society that did not want to see their status change. From 1807 to 1830, you have a series of revolutions in Latin America, many of which were led by Simon Bolivar, who was a Crejo, or Creole, Venezuelan. Enlightenment Era concepts, nationalism, and revolutionary ideals sparked decolonization and rebellion.The diversity of colonial populations and tensions among social classes often complicated ⦠Initial attempts at ⦠6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement The American Revolution created a ripple effect in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres. The remarkable leadership of José Gervasio Artigas and Fulgencio Yegros was a huge contributing factor to Uruguay’s and Paraguay’s independence. Inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the wars for independence in other parts of the globe, Latin American gained momentum to began their own revolution. the Renaissance. How could Spain's New World Empire fall apart so quickly and completely? 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