However, thicker stakes could be gathered from the wild for the second year, and by the third year no stakes were required. Each hole was dug 36 inches deep by 20 inches long by 8 inches wide. The mango plantation has the look and feel of a tea garden - short plants regularly pruned. The Mango Loa project and the use of ultra high density plantation techniques has the potential to improve the entire tropical fruit industry. • In Dashehari mango, the average yield in high density … Current trend where you have sufficient water facility is to go for ultra density mango plantation. The open tatura trellis system is planted in staggered double rows 20 inches apart. Because these two orchard management systems are relatively new, there is very little data on production. CV. You can get dashehari mang… Each lateral growing branch has a four feet span to cover. This year I am opening up my farm to the nonprofit organization GoFarm Hawaii; this group trains aspiring farmers in the classroom and field. Fresh mangoes and mango pulp are important items of agro-exports from India. At this point, it is tying the trees onto the wire that is most time consuming, and by the third year, training will be done, and pruning will be for excessive growth and sub-laterals. For this field, the primary design is the Horizontal Cordon, or the single leader. Krishna, B., Kale, A.N., Dhake, A.V., Deshpande, S.S. and Balsubrahmanyam, V.R. Under UHDP, Mango is planted at 3×2 m which accommodates 674 plants per acre. COGSHALL, 820_29 UNRAVELLING THE MECHANISM OF MANGO FLOWERING, 820_30 MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF FLOWERING, DROUGHT AND FRUIT LOAD ON MANGO LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 820_31 MORPHO-HISTOLOGY OF 'MANILA' AND 'HADEN' FRUIT DEVELOPMENT. The otts field has been the opposite, establishing the trees along the wire is a lot more time consuming in its’ first year. Ground anchors are required for each end of the rows that will be the main support for carrying the weight of the trees and fruit to come. Benefits of Ultra High Density Plantation in mango. The primary, Establishing scaffold branches as they form. We had one field day this year, we went over the ultra high density field and the pruning and training requirements necessary over the first full year. An intercrop distance of 8 meters is maintained as the saplings need space to grow and become trees. Reducing labor costs and the need for expensive special equipment, while increasing production through better practices, will go a long way in improving the sustainability of Hawaii’s farmers. Two bags of 80 pound Quickcrete was used per hole. Field preparation began by hiring a bulldozer to clear the field of brush and grass. The collapse of the sugar plantation left a huge gap in agriculture and up until this time has yet to recover. The anchors should be set an equal distance away from the post as it is tall, so my posts are 8 feet tall and the anchors are set 8 feet away from the post.There are many different designs for ground anchors, from large screw shaped rods that are drilled in the ground or a flat steel plate attached to a rod and buried three feet deep. Some of the work can be started in the nursery. This will go a long way in producing a comprehensive report of the ultra high density plantation and the open Tatura trellis systems. Harvesting will be conducted by hand reducing the risk of damage and improving the quality of the fruit. Ultra High Density Plantation in Mango. This is substantially more time than the uhdp field, where most of the time difference is from tying down branches to the wire. There is a good number of Hawaii farmers following along with a lot of interest. As the scaffold branches are forming it is important to choose branches that are evenly spaced at a 45 degree angle. A series of trials are being carried out to standardize package of practices including evaluation of mango cultivars for yield potential and processing attributes, optimum spacing, irrigation, using drip system, fertigation, crop regulation by pruning, optimum conditions for ripening, organic farming, processing of Alphonso and Totapuri mangoes into puree etc. Fruit is borne on the ends of branches, so spacing too closely may severely limit fruit production in mature trees d… There are many different ways to train trees along a trellis. Year one  began by starting 600 seedlings of “common” mango. The first wire was set 24 inches from the ground and 18 inches apart between wires. Since then, Australia has dedicated a lot towards research and trials to improve and adapt the open Tatura trellis system for tropical fruits. Traditionally, mango orchards were planted at a density of 50 trees per acre, with a spacing of 25 feet by 25 feet. They visit farms to volunteer and get hands on experience, this year my farm will be one of the participating farms. One tour was with a local high school’s agriculture program and one group was a mix of people from USDA and NRCS. Ultra high density plantation (UHDP) methods and the open tatura trellis system (OTTS) is the direction that the world’s tropical fruit farming is heading. Most of the tours were for individual farmers that were from other islands and visiting Kauai; two farmers from Oahu, one farmer from Maui, and two farmers from Hawaii island. 5 years ago | 1.8K views. I also consulted with two farmers in Florida, on the phone and email, one on the installation of the open Tatura trellis system and one on implementing the ultra high density plantation system. Cost of Installation-  The most obvious difference between these two techniques is the cost of installation. A mini excavator was used to dig the holes at 2′ x 2′ width and depth. Maintaining the ground cover and weeds is time consuming. Each row of trellis has 30 trees on each side, with 60 trees per row times 5 rows for a total of 300 trees on a 1/2 acre field. It is a little hard to have regular farm events and to get farmers to show up, but I have been able to visit three farms and consult with farmers about planting new fields using ultra high density plantation (UHDP) techniques. Suckers appearing below the graft point or out of placed are removed as soon as possible. The trees take 0 to 1 minute to prune and the entire 1/2 acre can be completed in two to three hours. I will attend the Waipa Mango Festival and the Hawaii tropical fruit growers conference, where I will continue to promote the project. Five rows have been laid out, each row has 240 feet of trellis to plant on, with two lines of 1/2 inch poly tubing and 2 gallon/hour drip emitters every 8 feet, one emitter per tree. In order to address this legitimate concern, as farmers we have to incorporate new innovative techniques to reduce our reliance on chemicals. Both methods produced excellent results. A series of trials are being carried out to standardize package of practices including evaluation of mango … Irrigation in Mango Farming When examining the cost for the materials needed to install one acre of mango using ultra high density plantation (UHDP)methods, it comes to $6,084. It prefers a soil pH 6.5 to 7.5. In Australia, farmers have been using this system for about a decade, and have reported mango harvests as high as 20 tons per acre, doubling the production of the stand alone UHDP field. The standard mango orchard takes seven to ten for the trees to reach maximum production. The mango tree is a sub-tropical evergreen tree that is widely dispersed throughout the tropics. Training and pruning the trees along the trellis took three to five minutes per tree, with most of the time used tying the branches to the wire. However the shorter time to production and the higher yields will allow for a quicker and greater return on the investment over the standard orchard system. KESAR, 820_64 CHEMICAL CONTROL OF POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF MANGO: THE EFFECT OF FLUDIOXONIL AND PROCHLORAZ ON SOFT BROWN ROT, STEM-END ROT AND ANTHRACNOSE, 820_65 THE EFFECT OF STRATEGICALLY TIMED PRE-HARVEST FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS ON POST-HARVEST DECAY OF MANGO, 820_66 EFFECT OF THE LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM AGAINST CAUSAL AGENTS OF POST HARVEST MANGO DISEASES, 820_67 EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ANTHRACNOSE OF MANGO ON OLD AND REJUVENATED ORCHARD IN WEST BENGAL, 820_68 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES TO COPPER OXYCHLORIDE FOR THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL BLACK SPOT AND POST HARVEST DISEASES IN MANGO, 820_69 USES OF ALTERNATIVE ANTIBIOTICS TO CONTROL BACTERIUM GROWTH IN MANGO EXPLANTS, 820_70 THE CONTROL OF SCALE INSECTS AND MEALYBUGS ON MANGOES IN SOUTH AFRICA USING NEO-NICOTINOIDS. I had my first field day in May, where I presented my project and hosted a grafting workshop to 25 attendees, which for Kauai Island is a pretty large number. The Indian ultra high density mango farming video shows trees that appear to be young. Experimental mango plantations have been established during 1996-97 in about 60 ha area. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The work is easy, but it takes time to selectively prune and thin out new growth. Stand alone UHDP mango fields in India have reported harvests of 8 tons per acre, over double the global average of 3.5 tons per acre. The ultra high density plantation (UHDP) method has been in use for around a decade. The first year of pruning and training was focused on developing the main trunk and the scaffold branches that provide the main structure and support of the tree. 820_23 PERMEABILITY OF CUTICULAR MEMBRANE DURING THE ONTOGENY OF MANGIFERA INDICA L. 820_24 EFFECT OF FLOWERING AND FRUITING ON BRANCHING OF YOUNG MANGO TREES -AN ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH, 820_25 DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF DRY MATTER CONTENT IN MANGO TREE CV. If you miss pruning a flush of growth and there is a second flush,  you will have to prune back two sections. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. We need more trials. the Horizontal Cordon or single leader is the preferred technique for training mango trees, A 3 year old tree on Maui where you can clearly see the leader. I VARIETAL SELECTION AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE, 820_74 A NEW BACTROCERA SPECIES IN BENIN AMONG MANGO FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) SPECIES, 820_75 MONITORING FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO ORCHARDS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND DETERMINING THE TIME OF FRUIT INFESTATION, 820_76 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF SPINOSAD IN MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY ATTACK TO TREE RIPE SENSATION MANGOES, 820_77 BIO-ECOLOGY OF MANGO FRUIT BORER, AUTOCHARIS (=NOORDA) ALBIZONALIS HAMPSON (PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA) - A RECENT THREAT TO MANGO GROWERS IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA, 820_78 MANGO FRUIT APPEAL AFTER EXTENDED COLD-STORAGE AS IT RELATES TO HARVEST DATE, AND THE RELATIONSHIP HARVEST MATURATION STAGE AT HARVEST AND SPONTANEOUS RIPENING, 820_79 EFFECT OF ETHREL ON HASTENING OF ONSET OF RIPENING IN KESAR MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.), 820_80 STUDIES ON EXTENSION OF SHELF LIFE OF KESAR MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.), 820_81 EFFECT OF HARVESTING PRACTICES AND PRE-PACKING STORAGE ON LENTICEL DISCOLOURATION OF MANGOES, 820_82 DEVELOPMENT OF DISCOLOURATION IN MANGO LENTICELS, 820_83 EFFECT OF PACKHOUSE PROCEDURES ON LENTICEL DISCOLOURATION OF MANGOES, 820_84 EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST HANDLING ON LENTICEL SPOTTING OF 'TOMMY ATKINS' MANGOES FROM NORTHEAST BRAZIL, 820_85 EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS, POLYAMINE AND NUTRIENTS ON FRUIT QUALITY AND OCCURRENCE OF SPONGY TISSUE IN ALPHONSO MANGO, 820_86 INVESTIGATION ON CAUSES AND CORRECTION OF SPONGY TISSUE IN ALPHONSO MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.), 820_87 A METHODOLOGY TO STUDY THE POST-HARVEST RIPENING BEHAVIOR OF MANGO (CV. Another method of pruning utilizes a tractor attachment with rotating blades which allows for mechanical pruning; this method is very fast and efficient, but also very cost prohibitive. UHDP is very similar to the standard mango orchard except that ten times the amount of trees are planted in the same area. A state of the art 140 t/day capacity mango processing plant was established in 1997. The first goal is to set a single trunk at 3 feet. The most useful outreach tool at this point has been Facebook, where I created a group “The Mango Loa Project”, and have been chronicling its’ progress. It was made in 2012, and the narrator says the idea came from a visit by Indian scientists "five years ago" to a South African farm, where 900 trees were being grown on an acre (!!!). This year’s Hawaii Tropical Fruit Growers state conference’s main theme was high density and trellising tropical fruits. I also had two visits to the local high school’s agriculture program, where I did a grafting workshop with the students as well as a discussion on sustainable agriculture and pruning fruit trees for small spaces. Although India is the largest mango producing country, accounting about 60% of world production, the export of fresh fruit is limited to Alphonso and … 2″ x 4″ x 8′ cross pieces were added to the top of the posts for stabilization. The majority of time is spent maintaining the ground cover and weeding around the trees, walking the field, pruning and training branches. the first lateral branches are tied down on the first wire, the leader is on the second wire, trellis clips and vinyl tape are used to attach the branches to the wire, the graft point is too high and the branch cannot be tied to the first wire, leaving the tip of the lateral branch untied and upward facing is important for proper growth. The results of some of these trials have shown that mango can be profitably grown under Jalgaon conditions with improved agricultural practices and the puree and concentrate produced by aseptic processing is of world class quality. THE EQUILIBRIUM PRICE PATH OF A WINDOW ILLUSION, 820_8 EFFECT OF PRACTICING INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND MARKETABILITY OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN MARAGUA DISTRICT, CENTRAL KENYA, 820_9 A DECADE OF MANGO CULTIVAR EVALUATION BY WESTFALIA TECHNOLOGICAL SERVICES, SOUTH AFRICA, 820_10 NEW CULTIVARS AND HYBRID SELECTIONS FROM THE MANGO BREEDING PROGRAM OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL IN SOUTH AFRICA, 820_11 MANGO CULTIVAR STUDIES IN SOUTHERN MAINLAND SPAIN, 820_12 MANGO CULTIVAR EVALUATION PROGRAMME IN KENYA, 820_13 PERFORMANCE OF SEVEN NEW MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) HYBRID SELECTIONS AT THE CENTRAL REGION OF BRAZIL, 820_14 EVALUATION OF MANGO CULTIVARS FOR PRODUCTIVE AND COMMERCIAL PLANTATION UNDER PUNJAB CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN, 820_15 PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE APPROACHES TO MANGO GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA, 820_16 BREEDING AND CULTURAL PRACTICES TO IMPROVE MANGO 'LIPPENS' IN THE CANARY ISLANDS, 820_17 SCREENING OF MANGO CULTIVARS FOR TOLERANCE TO IRON DEFICIENCY, 820_18 GENETIC VARIABILITY OF MANGO CULTIVARS DEVELOPED BY EMBRAPA CERRADOS BREEDING PROGRAM USING RAPD MARKERS, 820_19 GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CARIBBEAN MANGOES (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS, 820_20 MANGO SELECTION AND BREEDING FOR ALTERNATIVE MARKETS AND USES, 820_21 FLORAL BUD DEVELOPMENT OF 'TOMMY ATKINS' MANGO UNDER TROPICAL CONDITION IN NAYARIT, MEXICO, 820_22 SEX DISTRIBUTION, SEX RATIO AND NATURAL POLLINATION PERCENTAGE OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.). Block or high density plantings provide natural protection from wind, but avoid planting trees too close together because they will compete with each other for light, water and nutrients. The first wire on the trellis is 24 inches from the ground. But this year I am planting Mango orchard using Ultra High Density Mango Plantation (UHDP). When the leader reaches the next wire, it is topped, and with the new growth, a new leader is established and again branches are trained to grow laterally on each side of the leader, all other branches are removed. In the case of the trellises, it provides the framework to then cover the entire orchard with bee netting, which will keep out fruit flies as well as birds, and it is the netting that will ultimately do the most to increase production. Increases productivity up to 2-3 times; Reduces water used for irrigation up to 50 %; Increases fertilizer uptake by plants when fertigation is practised. Low trees will allow for easier inspection and application of chemicals. • In mango, –Amrapali at 2.5x 2.5m in triangular system accommodation of 1600and – Dashehari at 3.0 X 2.5 m in square system -1333 plants per hectare, • Increase in yield per hectare was 2.5 times in Amrapali than that of the low density orchards of vigorous cultivar. Year 1. However, There will always be skeptics to major changes and a lot of farmers are waiting to see what the production is like before they will commit the time and money to change over to a new system. I will continue to have farm tours for any interested farmers and continue looking for outreach opportunities. Ultra high density plantation (UHDP) techniques for mango will be demonstrated by planting 310 trees on a 1/2 acre of land. I started a You tube channel, The Mango Loa Project, and have uploaded 6 videos that go over the ultra high density plantation and the open Tatura trellis system. This year’s planting incorporated all the same components of the stand alone UHDP field, with one added element, the open Tatura trellis system. Trees are staked up as needed and flowers are removed so the trees can focus on vegetative growth. NAHM-DAWG-MAI-SRI-TONG, 820_91 EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE ON QUALITY OF 'ESPADA VERMELHA' MANGOES, 820_92 CHILLING INJURY DURING STORAGE AFFECTS RESPIRATION RATE AND FRUIT QUALITY IN KENSINGTON PRIDE MANGO FRUIT, 820_93 CHILLING INJURY DURING STORAGE INFLUENCES RIPENING PROCESS IN KENSINGTON PRIDE MANGO FRUIT, 820_94 THE PRODUCTION OF MANGO CHIPS FROM MANGIFERA INDICA LINN. Advantages of Ultra high density planting system of mango Quick Note: You can buy Alphonso Mango plant from here. Re: Re: Potassium Nitrate to induce mango flowering in Ultra High Density planting « Reply #7 on: October 09, 2012, 09:44:12 PM » Quote from: Tropicdude on October 08, 2012, 07:18:47 PM We started our mango planting on Oct 11, 2011 and once again the sun god was cooperative enough to make the process fairly comfortable. Did this project contribute to a larger project? Pruning, while labor intensive, require nothing more than clippers and a hand saw. The results are discussed in detail. Open Tatura Trellis System and the benefits. A power point presentation is in the works and will be a guide to UHDP techniques and OTTS, a how to presentation that will be made at this year’s annual garden fair and mango Festival. High tensile wire is stronger and resists stretching like soft wire and is the preferred wire for trellises. This site is maintained by SARE Outreach for the SARE program and features research projects supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. If you need any information on mango farming you can reach us on arifa@ar4mangoes.com. The ultra high density plantation (UHDP) method has been in use for around a decade. Each row of trellis is 260 feet long from anchor to anchor. The trees are nearly the desired size and pruning takes three to four minutes per tree, now it takes nearly six hours to prune the whole field. The main limitation of this project is that it is a three year project and it will not get into the production phase of the orchard. As against the convention of planting 40 to 50 mango saplings in an acre, molecular plant pathologist P. Chowdappa has planted 674 saplings in a acre in … A wire basket was made with concrete mesh and a 12 inch piece of 5/8 inch rebar with 5/8 inch by four feet long chain attached and placed within the basket to add strength to the concrete. This project will cover the first three years, beginning with the installation and following the pruning and training demands leading up to the start of production at three years. Mango farmers of south Gujarat have started adopting new agricultural technology to cultivate high density mango orchards in the region. If we can extend the project for another three years that will show production, we will be able to evaluate the yields and quality of fruit these two systems produce. It is the sub-lateral branches that are pruned back each year to maintain the tree with in its space. My next field day is scheduled for the end of January , where the topics will be UHDP year two and the most important tasks and a demonstration on the open tatura trellis system (OTTS); there is a lot of interest on this topic. “Common” mango seedlings take from 10 to 18 months to get big enough for grafting. One end of the wire was attached directly to the chain on the ground anchor and the other end of the wire was attached to a wire strainer that is attached to the ground anchor and this is to tension the wire once all is set up. After planting, mangoes develop a strong taproot that can extend to 6 m deep. A state of the art 140 t/day capacity mango processing plant was established in 1997. However, by the end of the second year, the trees are between four and six feet tall and the canopy is filling out. The idea behind the increased density and the short trees is to lessen the demand on labor, while maximizing the use of available land and resources. The veneer grafted Dashehari plants prepared on seedling rootstock in July 1975 were planted in August, 1976 at two densities: 12m x 12m (69 plants/ha-normal density) and 2.5m x 3.0 (1333 plants/ha-high density). At this stage flowers are removed as soon as possible to keep the tree focused on growing wood and leaves. 5:11. The materials for the trellis cost about $13,000 per acre, which can be very cost prohibitive, especially when considering planting 10 acres or more. 820, 447-462, International Society for Horticultural Science, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.820.56, Division Tropical and Subtropical Fruit and Nuts, Division Physiology and Plant-Environment Interactions of Horticultural Crops in Field Systems, 820_1 MANGO PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA AS COMPARED TO THE REST OF THE WORLD, 820_2 STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPANISH MANGO INDUSTRY: A FARMERS SURVEY ANALYSIS, 820_3 INNOVATIONS DRIVING SPANISH MANGO ORCHARDS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: A TECHNOLOGY-ADOPTION ANALYSIS, 820_4 NEW PRACTICES IN MANGO CULTIVATION IN ECUADOR, 820_6 MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR EXPORTING MANGOES AND MANGO PRODUCTS FROM INDIA, 820_7 THE OFF SEASON USA MANGO MARKET. Sized with pleasant flavour, sweet and fibrous pulp and disease management is very similar the... 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