for different conductor specifications, in order to optimize the design of the substation. 1 pa electrical technical documents. The parts of the substation to be checked for sufficient clearance by be chosen individually and flexibly. Clearance Calculation in Air Insulated Substations: All the required minimum distances throughout the whole substation can now be automatically determined based on the 3D substation model processed by the Phase Checker. Volume III, Conductors and Bus Design. Before the software can aid the substation design engineer, the electrical single line and ground grid for the substation will have to be designed and modeled within the software. Volume I, Design Parameters. Electrical Substation Earthing / Grounding Complete Guide What is Earthing, Design Criteria ,Main Components, Required Calculations, Relevant IEEE,NEC Standards,Actual Earthing Rating: … Even though the Earthing Calculations for determining a safe System Earth (Ground) has shifted away from an arbitrary resistance figure, usually <1 ohm. Detailed Syllabus for Substation Design Course, Our Syllabus is Comprehensive,Structured and aim to build design career in EPC Companies,AEDEI Syllabus bases on the EPC Industries , All the Content and syllabus are realated to the industries, AEDEI is providing priactical projects on substration design This can be done by just copying an already defined scenario and adjusting the relevant values so as to compare the calculation … – General arrangement elevation or section view drawing, Results are incorporated in the following drawings: When load increases, the equilibrium shifts to a new high, with generators ramping up to keep up. Not all loads in the station rely on DC power. Through the guidance of the National Electrical Code (NEC), we can meet the need for safe low-voltage designs by applying the NEC in substations whenever possible and practical. A setup without adequate bus support and under-rated bus support insulators – will collapse. Drop them below. The height and angle of LED head that provides the required foot-candles of light intensity are calculated. – Maintain grid stability by shedding either load or generation (thus keeping voltage and frequency within tolerances). Different Layouts for Substations (single busbar, mesh, 1 1/2 cb) 6. General Requirements 1-5 . – Ground grid plan drawing Eduardo has international experience in substation construction, O&M, and design in substations up to 500 kV. such that voltage developed at the receiving end is within equipment working limits. That’s it, you have read every single study that’s conducted when building a new substation. This worksheet includes general data that must be known in the starting of Grounding System Design Calculations of AC Substations, which are included in step#1 as follows: Soil Resistivity, ρ; Gravel Resistivity, ρs; Symmetrical Short Circuit Current, Ig; Duration of Earth Fault Current, ts; Maximum Allowable Conductor Temperature; Design Ambient Temperature This is fairly straightforward. How much money is spent on building a new substation is largely influenced by the location. Specify auxiliary transformer capable of supplying the demand. I thought about it but chose not to include it. Any thoughts? Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Protection of modern substations is implemented using microprocessor relays. The popular battery chemistry in the industry is lead-sulphuric acid. such that voltage developed at the receiving end is within equipment working limits. Some form of protection is required to prevent them from going up in smoke. Substation security and safety of personnel is important. Principle of Substation Layouts (spatial separation, maintenance zones) 7. Substations need a shield to protect itself from lightning strikes. When this surge is buried into the earth, it needs a path to dissipate. Covers bare conductors, rigid and strain bus design. The electric power substation, whether generating station or transmission and distribution, remains one of the most challenging and exciting fields of electric power engineering. Substations need a shield to protect itself from lightning strikes. Volume II, Physical Layout. Therefore a probability study is conducted to determine the likelihood of a lightning strike on the unprotected equipment. Motors or coils that operate massive substation equipment require a. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Electrical – Substation Design Calculations Protection and control analysis. – Substation lighting plan drawing, Results are incorporated in the following drawings: If 1-ohm is still in circulation on your documentation then this section applies to you.. This paper will primarily focus on low-voltage, single phase designs (600V or less). Determine wire size (1/0AWG or #2 gauge or #6 gauge etc.) Structural steel is subjected to horizontal loads (line tensions, wind load, etc) and vertical loads (dead weight of equipment mounted on it, ice load, etc). Generally, power substations are used to control the power flow and supply quality in the grid. Substation battery sizing calculations are very straightforward. – Station auxiliary AC power oneline. And a power grid is a very big machine. Specify batteries with enough amp-hour capacity to support the continuous load for 8 hours and momentary load (such as breaker and switch operation) for a minute or more. Results are incorporated in the following drawings: Determine if the land is feasible for construction. – Wiring drawings. Otherwise, mitigate the noise using either sound walls or by specifying low-sound transformer. The popular battery chemistry in the industry is lead-sulphuric acid. The same concept applies to touch potential. 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The resulting waveform is not smooth but one marred by spikes and dips. One factor affecting the choice of relay is arc-flash. substations in this unified approach are: Single-source responsibility Complete electrical and mechanical control over coordination of the three close-coupled sections Availability of all switchboard and switchgear types gives broad application flexibility Modern design … This is a basic summary and explanation of engineering & design processes used during designing power substations - by Matt Cole, 3 Phase Associates Power Substations. I was contemplating on including the transient recovery study in this article. In other words, minimize widespread outage. Other design inputs … Covers bare conductors, rigid and strain bus design. – Motors which operate high voltage switch and ones that charge the spring inside the circuit breaker. primtech supports the comparison of several scenarios, e.g. hs is the thickness of the surface material [m] A is the area occupied by the ground grid [m2] lT is the total buried length of conductor, including the earth rods [m] If no protective surface layer is used, then Cs =1 and ρs = ρ. The grid operates in equilibrium. Substation Design | Power System Analysis. It should be noted, creating 100% coverage is impossible. Design calculations establish minimum guidelines and requirements for generating electrical calculations on projects. Volume II, Physical Layout. 1.1 PURPOSE . Results are incorporated in the following drawings: This can be over-bearing. Components of a Substation (cbs, cts, isolators, insulation, transformers etc.) This is fairly straightforward. ĐC: Lầu 2 Tòa Nhà I2 Building, Số 236/26 Điện Biên Phủ, Phường 17, Quận Bình Thạnh, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Non-linear loads (characterized by changing impedance as it draws power) injects harmonics into supply voltage and current. – Trip and isolate only the faulted zone. Specify auxiliary transformer capable of supplying the demand. Install a combination of lightning masts and shield wires that provides adequate lightning strike coverage. These calculations are usually done using specific software. Design calculations may be made either manually or by SPU-approved computer programs. The Contractor shall show in the design calculations that the fault currents and d.c. stray currents will not damage the structure. Install firewalls. In a thermal power plant i saw a substation of 220Kv and in the other one 132Kv. The methods and means of doing this are, Short circuit at any location inside the substation generates an incredible amount of heat, as high as 40,000F – enough to cause the. Failure to do so renders it inoperable. ... Other substations in the area influence the design of a new substation. Substation Earthing Calculation Methodology (Earthing Materials) 4. Figure 5: Several factors are considered when picking a relay. Power substations contain expensive pieces of equipment. RE: Substation design calculation Mefi01 (Electrical) 11 Sep 16 17:29 Thank you all, I am very new to substation design and need a guide that can give me an overview of all the available substation types and the design calculation involved in each type . Results are incorporated in the following drawings: The study furnishes momentary and interrupting fault current magnitudes along with impedance to the fault location (either in symmetrical components X1-X0 or X/R ratio). I find collecting load information to be the most tedious part of the process. – Ground grid installation details drawing. one was producing 1050MW and other one was 800MW. Specify the quantity of wires that can be pulled. 1. Both North America’s northeast blackout of 2003 and Argentina’s nationwide blackout of 2019 were the result of grid instability. All you need is your load information. This is a hazardous situation. Electrical – Substation Design Calculations. Anyone walking in this area is subjected to an electric shock because of the potential difference developed between feet (with reference to Figure 8, one foot on red peak and the other on blue valley). Your email address will not be published. Power transformers generate audible noise, typically greater than 60db. The legs of tall structures are also susceptible to aeolian vibration. Layout of Substation 5. Specify battery charger that is capable of charging the battery. The power grid is subjected to lightning strikes and temporary over-voltages. The soil resistivity test results will also be required as design inputs. Electrical calculations should be made for all SPU projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. electrical design calculations 1. In order to apply the NEC to substation design, Eduardo has a background in protection & control, substation physical design and power system grounding. Power substations contain expensive pieces of equipment. And then there is also arc-flash rated switchgear and all the bells and whistles that come with it. ( electrical calculations ) the basic concept behind this booklet is to provide the simplest way to find out the electrical calculation. Now requirements aside, every critical component in a machine needs redundancy. Install a combination of handholes or manholes or cable troughs to make cable pulling easy. A lightning strike on tall power transmission structures is inevitable. Drive ground rods into the. In this article, I will share 18 substation design calculations or studies that will set you up to create a beautiful substation. Covers the layout considerations, bus configurations, and electrical clearances. Soil conditions play a significant role in the design of foundations. The goal would be to insert enough bus supports to stabilize the bus (considering all the forces acting on it). Introduction 2. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Author credit: Sanity checks on the civil / structural section provided by Nauman Khan – Structural Engineer, PE. Here’s the list. The reinforcing steel in the foundations of buildings containing the primary electrical equipment may be used as auxiliary electrodes subject to the approval of the Engineer. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. CONTACT. 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